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Frances Anne Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough
Frances Anne Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough VA (15 April 1822 – 16 April 1899) was an English noblewoman, the wife of British peer and statesman John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough. One of her sons, Lord Randolph Churchill was the father of Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill. She had a total of 11 children, and her principal home was the monumental Blenheim Palace, which she rejuvenated with her "lavish and exciting entertainments",〔Ralph G. Martin, ''Jennie: The Life of Lady Randolph Churchill, Volume One, The Romantic Years (1854-1895)'', p. 61〕 and transformed into a "social and political focus for the life of the nation".〔Margaret Elizabeth Forster, ''Churchill's Grandmama: Frances, 7th Duchess of Marlborough'', The History Press Ltd., 2010, publisher's note, retrieved 16 April 2010〕 She was invested as a Lady of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert〔(Profile ), peerage.com; accessed 22 March 2014.〕 for her efforts at famine relief in Ireland.
==Family==
Lady Frances Anne Emily Vane was born on 15 April 1822 at the Duke of St Albans's house in St James Square, London, the eldest daughter of Irish-born Charles William Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry and heiress Lady Frances Anne Vane-Tempest. At her baptism, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington stood as her godfather.〔Forster〕 She had three brothers, including George Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry, and two younger sisters. She had an older half-brother Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry, by her father's first marriage to Lady Catherine Bligh.
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